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LEARNING
History of Shot Peening
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The articles below are archived in the shotpeener.com LIBRARY compiled and maintained by Jack Champaigne at Electronics Incorporated.
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Total articles: 77
| Title | Year | Author | Source | Abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X-Ray Diffraction Impacted by TEC’s Contribution | 2012 | Beth Matlock, TEC | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 26 / Issue 3, Summer 2012 | PRODUCT NEWS: TEC AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION History Wilhelm Röntgen discovered x-rays in 1895. I wonder what he would think if he knew the number of people’s lives he impacted. In... |
| Meet AMS 2590: Rotary Flap Peening of Metal Parts | 2011 | The Shot Peener Staff | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 25 / Issue 3, Summer 2011 | AMS 2590 is a new specification that was released in December 2010. It was written by a team led by Peter Bailey, formerly a Staff Engineer with General Electric Aircraft Engines, ... |
| A Big Machine WITH A LEAN ATTITUDE | 2008 | The Shot Peener Staff | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 22 / Issue 4, Fall 2008 | Product Review Blast Cleaning Machine Engineered Abrasives, Alsip, Illinois, has constructed one of the biggest rotary index machines in manufacturing history. The machine will cl... |
| Hybrid Cleaning / Peening Machines | 2007 | Kumar Balan, Wheelabrator Group | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 21 / Issue 4, Fall 2007 | Where do we go from here? With cost pressures from offshore manufacturing, it is time to tap into our history of innovative production skills. Our manufacturing has to get leaner ... |
| Principles of Spiral Gravity Classification | 2006 | Dr. David Kirk, Coventry University, U.K. | The Shot Peener magazine, Volume 20 / Issue 4, Fall 2006 | INTRODUCTION Gravity separation of shot particles is of fundamental importance for peening. From a commercial viewpoint it is the basis of several methods for separating acceptabl... |
| The Parting Shot | 2006 | Jack Champaigne | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 20 / Issue 3, Summer 2006 | Performance Engineering In auto racing, a split second can be the difference between the winner's circle or being towed back to the garage wondering what improvements can be made ... |
| How (Proper) Blast Cleaning Averted a Naval Conflict | 2006 | Michel Cardon | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 20 / Issue 2, Spring 2006 | Michel Cardon puts a humorous spin on an incident that gained his company a work project with the French Navy. What do John Paul Jones, the founder of the U.S. Navy, and Georges... |
| History of Shot Peening Specifications | 2006 | Jack Champaigne | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 20 / Issue 2, Spring 2006 | The ... |
| History of Shot Peening Specifications | 2005 | J. Champaigne | Conf Proc: ICSP-9 (pg 354-359) | ABSTRACT The history of shot peening specifications is presented in a chronological format with prelude of situations existing in1940. The specifications cited are of US origin an... |
| Deep Rolling - The Past, The Present and The Future | 2005 | I Altenberger | Conf Proc: ICSP-9 (pg 144-155) | ABSTRACT The outstanding benefits of this classical mechanical surface treatment method for surface optimization are outlined in this paper. After a brief history of the deep roll... |
| Thermo-Elasto-Plastic Model for Shot Peening: A Numerical and Experimental Approach | 2005 | Rouquette Rouhaud Pron Fran | Conf Proc: ICSP-9 (pg 113-118) | ABSTRACT It is well known that the temperature of a shot peened part notably increases during the treatment. These thermal effects are seldom considered in experimental or numeric... |
| The Parting Shot, In with the New . . . | 2005 | Jack Champaigne | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 19 / Issue 1, Winter 2005 | Gears. That's what makes the world go 'round. And, in many cases, without shot peening these gears wouldn't be around for very long. Peening will increase the fatigue strength and ... |
| When shot peening practices go bad | 2004 | Source: St. Louis Post-Dispatch | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 18 / Issue 2, Spring 2004 | History proves that there are severe consequences for poor shot peening practices in the aerospace industry. In the spring of 1992, three men were sentenced to jail time in a bad-... |
| When Shot Peening Practices Go Bad | 2004 | St. Louis Post-Dispatch | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 18/Issue 1 Spring 2004 | History proves that there are severe consequences for poor shot peening practices in the aerospace industry. In the spring of 1992, three men were sentenced to jail time in a bad-p... |
| The Development of Roto Peening | 2003 | Shot Peener Staff | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 16 / Issue 4, Winter 2003 | A brief history on shot peening Shot peening is a metal surface treatment that can extend the fatigue life of most metals. Its ancestor is "hammering". Evidence of hammering a met... |
| Optimization of the Shot Peening Parameters | 2002 | Petit-Renaud | Conf Proc: ICSP-8 Sept. 16-20, 2002 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany | Author Franck Petit-Renaud, USF Impact Finishers (Shot Peening Division) and USF Vacu-Blast International, Slough, UK Abstract The shot peening process is a complicated mechan... |
| Shot Peening - Past, Present and Future | 1999 | G Nachman | Conf Proc: ICSP-7 (pg 1-4) | Many of you assembled here today had the privilege of knowing John Almen and Dr. Fuchs, who were such pioneers in our industry. At the very First Congress on Shot Peening in 1981,... |
| Shot Peen Training | 1998 | Thomas N. Fritts | 1998 Shot Peening & Blast Cleaning Workshop; Atlanta,GA | Table of Contents: 1. History 2. What is shot peening 3. Why do we perform shot peening 4. How is shot peening accomplished 5. When is shot peening necessary 6. Shot peening ... |
| Almen Strip Specifications | 1997 | Jack Champaigne | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 11/Issue 3, September 1997 | A Brief History of the Almen Strip Since the invention of the Almen strip and Almen gage by J.O. Almen in 1942 the shot peening and blast cleaning industries have had a simple, in... |
| Fatigue: A Disastrous Failure of Welded Structures | 1996 | L.N. Ojha, R.K. Dube | Conf: (Bophal) Intl Conf on Shot Peening and Blast Cleaning (Book:Sharma/Ra | Fatigue is the phenomenon of decrease of resistance of the material to repeated loading and failure take place at the value of the stresses well below the ultimate tensile strength... |
| News from Workshop '94: Students Practice Almen Gage Readings | 1994 | Shot Peening Staff | The Shot Peener magazine, Vol 8 / Issue 4, Winter 1994/95 | The 1994 class of students assembled at the Holiday Inn on the beautiful Riverwalk in San Antonio, Texas for five days of instruction, food and fun. This year we had 68 students fr... |
| The Automated Simulation Of Dynamic Non-linearity To Shot-peening Mechanics | 1991 | Al-Obaid, Y. F. | Computers & Structures, Vol.40,No.6, pp.1451-1460 | This paper gives an automated simulation of dynamic non-linearity to shot-peening mechanics. Three-dimensional constitutive material law expressed in the stress invariants is used... |
| Effect Of Pre- And Post-processing Upon Shot-peening Residual Stresses | 1990 | Rasul, T. | Surface Engineering, Elsevier, p. 428-442 | ABSTRACT The process of shot-peening finds extended use in industry to combat fatigue fracture. in engineering components. The introduction of compressive residual stresses increa... |
| Case History on Exposure to Unconfined Silica Sandblasting | 1987 | Richard F. Robidoux | JPCL: Tip-36A; 2nd Edition, (p. 83-84) | Case history titles and authors... |
| X-ray Microstructure And Resid.stress Analysis Of Shot Peened Surface Layers During Fatigue Loading | 1987 | Bergstrom, J. and Ericsson, T. | Conf Proc: ICSP-3, (p.221-230) | Fatigue is basically a surface related phenomenon as the fatigue cracks usually initiate at the surface and grow from there into the material. Surface hardening is therefore often... |
| Case History Of Dry Paint Stripping | 1987 | Hammond, D. | SAE: 870754 | The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the use of the dry paint stripping process in the aircraft industry. It spotlights the major influencing factors of three cu... |
| Case History - Using The Right Steel Shot | 1987 | Ervin Industries | Ervin Industries, PO Box 1168, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 | A big, big drop in shot consumption is just part of the story this Case History tells, after the gray-iron foundry customer involved switched from the use of USED (RECLAIM) SHOT to... |
| Short History of Steel Shot and Grit by Ervin Industries | 1986 | Einar Borch | Ervin Impact | Reprinted from Ervin Impact Volume No. VI; Issue No. V The importance of the steel shot and grit industry perhaps can best be understood and appreciated if you were to try to imag... |
| Relaxation Of Residual Stresses During Cyclic Loading | 1986 | Bergstrom, J. | Proceed.of 4th Conf.of Irish Durab.and Frac.Comm. | In annealed, normalized or stress free materials a build-up of residual stress may take place in the surface due to fatigue loading. The residual stress state may however vary dur... |
| Age Forming Technology Expanded In An Autoclave | 1985 | Hambrick, Denise M. | SAE: 850885 | Development of the autoclave forming aluminum (AFA) process has advanced current technology of age forming. Using an autoclave for application of aging heat and forming pressure, ... |
| The History And Developments Of The Impact Treatment Processes | 1983 | Plaster, H.J. | J. Mech. Work. Technol. 8, (2-3), Aug.'83 | chronological account of the major steps in the development of impact treatment processes, from their inception prior to 1870 up to the present day, identifying the contributions ... |
| Understanding Shot Peening: A Case History | 1983 | Fett, Gregory A. | Modern Casting June 1983, pp 29-31 | A brief description of shot peening and the equipment used--shot blast machine, Almen strips, blocks, gages and the shot, usually standard steel (RC45-55)--is given. Intensity (am... |
| "History of Shot Peening" by P. E. Cary | 1981 | H. O. Fuchs | First International Conference on Shot Peening | It may be useful to add a few words about the origins and early development of industrial shot peening. Although the earliest publication (Foeppl, 1929) and the earliest patent ap... |
| History Of Shot Peening | 1981 | Cary, P. E. | Conf Proc: ICSP-1, (p. 23-28) | A brief historical summary is presented of the root sources of shot peening (mechanical prestressing), with reference to development of the technology from needs of the military, s... |
| Fatigue Analysis Of Structural Components Through Math-model Simulation | 1977 | Michetti, A.R. | SESA, Vol. XXXIV, No. 1 | A cumulative fatigue damage precedure that considers notch effects, mean stress relaxation and cyclic hardening and softening is being used at TEREX to evaluate structural reliabil... |
| Merits Of Shot Peening | 1977 | Kurz, W.W. | Vacu-Blast Corp., 1977 | Metal peening has had a long history--the ball peen hammer was used to improve the quality of the gentleman's sword. And manufacturing engineers and production managers generally ... |
| An Examination Of Dynamic Fracture Under Biaxial-strain Conditions | 1973 | Schmidt, R.M. and Fyfe, I.M. | SESA, Vol. XXX, No. 1 | An experiment to investigate the influence of biaxial strain on the dynamic fracture of metals is outlined. A hollow cylindrical sdpecimen is loaded on the inner diameter by a pol... |
| Fatigue-damage Evaluation For Mild Steel Incorporating Mean Stress And Overload Effects | 1972 | Watson, P. and Topper, T.H. | SESA, Vol. XXIX, No. 1 | Successful estimation of the service life of a structure or component which is subjected to a complex history of loading, depends on a suitable cumulative damage summation techniqu... |
| Plastic Stress-strain History At Notch Roots In Tensile Strips Under Monotonic Loading | 1971 | Papirno, R. | SESA, Vol. XXVIII, No. 2 | Various authors have proposed analytic relations for predicting the plastic behavior at the root of a notch. Among these are relations by Neuber and by Hardrath and Ohman, the lat... |
| Strain-rate And Strain-rate-history Effects In Several Metals In Torsion | 1971 | Nicholas, T. | SESA, Vol. XXVIII, No. 2 | A machine for testing thin-walled tubes in torsion at shear-strain rates up to 25/sec is described. Results of constant and variable strain rate tests are pesented for 1100-0 alum... |
| Introduction To Surface Integrity | 1970 | Bellows, Guy | GE: TM70-974 | Surface integrity is a relatively new term introduced by Dr. M. Field and Dr. J. Kahles of Metcut Research Associates at the 1964 Tripartite Technical Coordinating Symposium. The ... |
| X-ray Diffraction Study of Residual Macrostresses in Shot peened and Fatigued 4130 Steel | 1968 | Esquivel, A.L. and Evans, K.R. | Experimental Mechanics Mag., Nov. 1968, p.496-503 | a study has been made of the effects of shot peening and fatigue cycling on the residual macrostresses determined by x-ray methods in an austenitized and tempered AISI 4130 steel. ... |
| An Experimental Investigation Of Residual Stress In Quenched Flat Plates | 1966 | Rathbun,Jr.,FO and Coffin,Jr.,J.F. | SESA, Vol. XXIII, No. 2 | Paper consititutes a sumary of investigation conducted by the authors and encompasses the experimental apparatus design, the heating and quenching of test specimens, the recording ... |
| The Merits Of Shot Peening | 1966 | Kurz, William W. | Production, June 1966, p. 107-111 | Metal peening has had a long history--the ball peen hammer was used to improve the quality of the gentleman's sword. And manufacturing engineers and production managers generally ... |
| The Residual Stress Explanation of Fatigue Failures in Mechanical Parts | 1964 | Almen, John and Black, Paul | ASTM | It has become clearly evident that older theories of fatigue failures are fallacious, incomplete, and misleading. These have been largely replaced by theories based on new concept... |
| Application Of Shot Peening | 1964 | Almen, J. O. | p. 20-40 thru 20-49 | Shot peening is coming into extensive use as the most versatile of the several prestressing processes for strengthening metal machine parts against cohesive failure. Cohesive fail... |
| Shot Peening - History | 1962 | Hawkinson, E. | SAE ISTC Divison 20, May 1962 | Man since earliest times has endeavored to improve the materials he uses for his daily needs. Through each period of history his armor, weapons, tools and vehicles constantly requ... |
| How, When And By Whom Was Mechanical Prestressing Discovered | 1962 | Bush and Almen, Danse and Heiss | SAE Division XX Presentation | in collaboration with J. O. Almen, L. A. Danse and J. P. Heiss Prestressing of metals by mechanical working to obtain improved strength and fatigue characterisitics has been devel... |
| History And Theory Of Shot Peening | 1962 | SAE | SAE ISTC Div. 20 meeting, May 1962 | Man, since the earliest times has endeavored to improve the material she uses for his daily needs. Through each period of history his armor, weapons, tools and vehicles constantly... |
| Studies Of Effect Of Dynamic Preloads On Mechanical Properties Of Steel | 1961 | Smith, R. C. | SESA, Vol. XVIII, No. 2 | In order to determine the effect of load history upon the yield characteristics of a low carbon steel specimens of low carbon steel have been subjected to initial dynamic compress... |
| An Experimental Investigation Of The Oblique Impact Of Spheres Upon Simply Supported Steel Beams | 1956 | Goldsmith, W. and Cunningham, D.M. | SESA, Vol. XIV, No. 1 | A cpmprehensive program of study cncerning the impact of spheres upon simply supported beams at oblique angles of incidence has been initiated. The initial impact velocity of 150f... |
| Residual Compressive Stress Strengthens Brittle Materials | 1953 | Almen, J.O. | Product Engineering, July 1953 | Effect of retained residual compressive stress on the ductility of the surface layer of brittle materials in reducing applied surface tensile stress. Spring test data demonstrate ... |
| Miscellaneous Abstracts - Nine Articles | 1953 | Production: June 1966 | Metal peening has had a long history - the ball peen hammer was used to improve the quality of the gentleman's sword. And manufacturing engineers and production managers generally... | |
| Brittle Structural Failures | 1953 | Almen, J.O. | Product Engineering, April, 1953 | Service experiences and results of pertinent experiments to support the theory that welded structures fabricated from ductile steel fail by brittle fracture. Data show that suscep... |
| The Tmb Strain Cycle Gage And Counter -an Instru.for Statistical Determin.of Strain Hist.of Struc. | 1952 | Jasper, N.H. | SESA, Vol X, No. 1 | The strain sysle gage and counter which is discussed in this paper will automatically analyze the strain history at the location of the gage in terms of the number of cycles of giv... |
| Torsional Fatigue Failures | 1952 | Almen, J.O. | Product Engrg., Sept.'51,Vol.22 & Mar.'52,Vol.23 | Analytical studies of fatigue fractures in torsion bar springs for military vehicles that, in spite of inherent planes of weakness, show that torsional fatigue failures are caused ... |
| Effects Of Residual Stress On Rolling Bodies, Appendix I | 1952 | Almen, J. O. | Elsevier Publ.,Roll.Contact Phenom., p. 400 | It is well known that almost all dynamically loaded parts in our modern high-duty machines suffer from or profit by residual stresses. Residual stresses are developed by processin... |
| Fatigue Loss And Gain By Electro-plating | 1951 | Almen, J.O. | Product Engineering, June, 1951 | Data showing the reasons for the damage, and its extent, that is caused by electrodeposited metals when plated by the methods now in common use. Processes whereby advantages of r... |
| Prestressing Processes and Fracture Barriers | 1951 | Almen, J.O. | Product Engineering, March 1951, pgs. 101-124 | Unexpected and unrecognized improvement in fatigue strength of metal products is often obtained from processes that are applied for other purposes. Engineers, often unknowingly, h... |
| Fatigue Weaknesses Of Surfaces | 1950 | Almen, J.O. | Product Engineering, Nov. 1950, p. 118-140 | The commonly accepted theories by which we try to explain fractures that occur in structural materials are based upon data obtained from static tests. These theories work well eno... |
| Shot Blasting Nozzle | 1948 | Almen, J. O. | US Patent 2,439,032 | This invention relates to the art of shot peening. Cold working of metal articles to compact the surface layer by shot peening is easily accomplished if the surface can be exposed... |
| Aircraft Gearing - Analysis Of Test And Service Data | 1948 | Almen, J. O. and Straub, J. C. | American Gear Manufacturers Assoc., June 4, 1948 | Since we rarely know the magnitude of loads that are applied to gears in service or the extent to which the stresses from the applied loads are concentrated by elastic deflections,... |
| Mechanical and Metallurgical Advantages Of Shot Peening | 1945 | Horger, O.J. | The Iron Age, April 5, 1945 Part 2 of 2 | An engineering appraisal of the technical and economic utility of compressing the surface layers of design members as a means of greatly improving their fatigue resistance. In thi... |
| Mechanical And Metallurgical Advantages Of Shot Peening | 1945 | Horger, O.J. | The Iron Age, Mar. 29, 1945 Part 1 of 2 | An engineering appraisal of the technical and economic utility of compressing the surface layers of design members as a means of greatly improving their fatigue resistance. In thi... |
| Effect Of Shot Blasting On Physical Properties Of Steel | 1945 | Mattson, R.L. and Almen, J.O. | I,OSRD,No.3274;II,OSRD No.4825;III,OSRD No.6697 | The work of one year on the study of the shot peening process is summarized in this report. The study consisted primarily of the experimental shot peening of actual machine parts... |
| Shot Blasting Test | 1944 | Almen, John O. | US Patent 2,350,440 | This invention relates to instrumentation and the method of use for measuring the intensity of a cold working operation and more specifically the shot blasting of metal parts.... |
| Some Needed Precautions When Induction And Flame Hardening | 1944 | Almen, J. O. | Metal Progress, Dec. 1944, p. 1263 | Surface hardening after carburizing produces parts with residual compressive stresses at the surface--a very desirable condition to enhance fatigue resistance against alternating l... |
| On The Strength Of Highly Stressed Dynamically Loaded Bolts And Studs | 1944 | Almen, J. O. | SAE Meeting, Detroit MI, Jan 11 1944 | The strength of most highly loaded bolts and studs is determined by the man with the wrench and not by the designer, the metallurgist, or by the manufacturing processes. In highly... |
| The Useful Data To Be Derived From Fatigue Tests | 1943 | Almen, J. O. | Metal Progress, August, 1943, p. 254 | In this article, which is part of an address given before the Detroit Chapter last winter, the thesis is argued that the machine designer should be most interested in that part of ... |
| Shot Blasting To Increase Fatigue Resistance | 1943 | Almen, J. O. | #430143, Trans. July, 1943, Vol. 51, No. 7, p.248-268 | While great strides have been made in most phases of engineering and metallurgy, it is doubtful that in dynamically loaded parts we are getting more net work from our metals today ... |
| Peened Surfaces Improve Indurance Of Machine Parts | 1943 | Almen, J. O. | Metal Progress, Vol. 43, Feb. 1943, p. 209-215 | Fully 90% of all fatigue failures occuring in serice or during laboratory and road test are traceable to design and production defects, and only the remaining 10% are primarily the... |
| Endurance Of Machines Under A Few Heavy Loads | 1943 | Almen, J. O. | Metal Progress, September, 1943, p. 435 | In the article on page 254 of last month's issue, entitled "The Useful Data to Be Derived From Fatigue Tests", a working hypothesis was established that the slope of the fatigue cu... |
| Common Failures In Common Machne Parts | 1943 | Almen, J. O. | Metal Progress, May, 1943, p. 737 | In an article in the February issue of this magazine the general problem of fatigue failure was discussed, and it was pointed out that in the great majority of cases failure starts... |
| Dimensional Value Of Lubricants In Gear Design | 1942 | Almen, J. O. | SAE Journal, September, 1942 | Automotive rear-axle gears present one of the most difficult gear-design and lubrication problems that are known, Mr. Almen emphasizes in this paper. The requirements are exacting... |
| Facts And Fallacies Of Stress Determination | 1941 | Almen, J. O. | SAE Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, February, 1942 | It is in machines where weight is all-important, such as in airplane engines, or where weight and cost must both be considered, as in automobiles, that the inadequacy of our means ... |
| Durability Of Automobile Gears | 1937 | Almen, J. O. and Straub, J. C. | Automotive Industries, Sept. 25 and Oct. 9, '37 | The cause of failure of gears in service varies with the type of gears and with the service they perform but, in general, failure is due to tooth breakage, to the destruction of th... |
| The Uniform-section Disk Spring | 1935 | Almen, J.O. and Laszlo, A. | ASME: No. S 149 | The authors point out in this paper that initially coned annular-disk springs of uniform cross section may be proportioned to give a wide variety of load-deflection curves not read... |