This has me thinking.
AMS 2341/3D
Wire Quality
Paragraph 3.5 “Weight shall conform to Table 3 or 4 as determined in accordance with 4.1.3.2”.
Paragraph 3.5 is referring to the wire diameter prior to conditioning. Tables 3 and 4 states: "Wire Diameter" in inch and Millimeters. It does not state conditioned cut wire diameter. What happens to the wire when it is conditioned? Does it shrink or grow how much weight is lost during the conditioning process?
The answer to the original question can be found in section 4.1.3.1 which states: "Alternative methods for size evaluation may be used provided that they can be correlated to the weight method and are acceptable to the purchaser" So yes you can use a sieve test method as long as you meet the stated requirement.
Bottom line , In-process media testing uses the sieve test method. If the machine has a proper screening system, defective material should never come in contact with the part. This would only be an economic issue versus a quality issue. The over or undersize material would be discarded to the waste bins. If the amount in the waste bins is substantial then you know you have an issue with the as supplied product.